SQL ROLLUP
Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the SQL ROLLUP
to generate multiple grouping sets.
Introduction to SQL ROLLUP
The ROLLUP
is an extension of the GROUP BY
clause. The ROLLUP
the option allows you to include extra rows that represent the subtotals, which are commonly referred to as super-aggregate rows, along with the grand total row. By using the ROLLUP
option, you can use a single query to generate multiple grouping sets.
Note that a grouping set is a set of columns by which you group. For example, a query that returns the inventory by the warehouse, the grouping set is (warehouse).
SELECT
warehouse,
SUM (quantity) qty
FROM
inventory
GROUP BY
warehouse;
For more information about the GROUPING SETS
, check out the grouping sets tutorial.
The following illustrates the basic syntax of the SQL ROLLUP
:
SELECT
c1, c2, aggregate_function(c3)
FROM
table
GROUP BY ROLLUP (c1, c2);
The ROLLUP
assumes a hierarchy among the input columns. For example, if the input column is (c1,c2), the hierarchy c1 > c2
. The ROLLUP
generates all grouping sets that make sense considering this hierarchy. This is why we often use ROLLUP
to generate the subtotals and the grand total for reporting purposes.
The syntax above ROLLUP(c1,c2)
generates three following grouping sets:
(c1,c2) (c1) ()
This syntax is supported by Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, and PostgreSQL. However, MySQL has a slightly different syntax as shown below:
SELECT
c1, c2, aggregate_function(c3)
FROM
table_name
GROUP BY c1, c2 WITH ROLLUP;
SQL ROLLUP examples
We will use the inventory
the table that we set up in the GROUPING SETS
tutorial for the demonstration.
SQL ROLLUP with one column example
The following statement uses the GROUP BY
clause and the SUM()
function to find the total inventory by warehouse:
SELECT
warehouse, SUM(quantity)
FROM
inventory
GROUP BY warehouse;
To retrieve the total products in all warehouses, you add the ROLLUP
to the GROUP BY
clause as follows:
SELECT
warehouse, SUM(quantity)
FROM
inventory
GROUP BY ROLLUP (warehouse);
As you can see in the result, the NULL value in the warehouse
column specifies the grand total super-aggregate line. In this example, the ROLLUP
option causes the query to produce another row that shows the total products in all warehouses.
To make the output more readable, you can use the COALESCE()
function to substitute the NULL value by the All warehouses
as follows:
SELECT
COALESCE(warehouse, 'All warehouses') AS warehouse,
SUM(quantity)
FROM
inventory
GROUP BY ROLLUP (warehouse);
SQL ROLLUP with multiple columns example
The following statement calculates the inventory by warehouse and product:
SELECT
warehouse, product, SUM(quantity)
FROM
inventory
GROUP BY warehouse, product;
Let’s add the ROLLUP
to the GROUP BY
clause:
SELECT
warehouse, product, SUM(quantity)
FROM
inventory
GROUP BY ROLLUP (warehouse , product);
Note that the output consists of summary information at two levels of analysis, not just one:
- Following each set of product rows for a specified warehouse, an extra summary row appears displaying the total inventory. In these rows, values in the
producta
column set to NULL. - Following all rows, an extra summary row appears showing the total inventory of all warehouses and products. In these rows, the values in the
warehouse
andproduct
columns set to NULL.
SQL ROLLUP with partial roll-up example
You can use ROLLUP
to perform a partial roll-up that reduces the number of subtotals calculated as shown in the following example:
SELECT
warehouse, product, SUM(quantity)
FROM
inventory
GROUP BY warehouse, ROLLUP (product);
In this example, the ROLLUP
only makes a supper-aggregate summary for the product
column, not the warehouse
column.
In this tutorial, you have learned how to use the SQL ROLLUP
to perform multiple levels of analysis with a single query.
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